Mike Ruggeri’s Toltec and Aztec World

Wikipedia; Tecpatl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecpatl

Mexicolore; Personified Knives

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/artefacts/personified-knives

Mexicolore; Smoking Mirrors

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/artefacts/smoking-mirrors

Latin American Studies; Chicomecoatl

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/aztec-chicomecoatl.htm

Wikipedia; Coatlicue

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coatlicue

Wikipedia; Ometeotl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ometeotl

Wikipedia; Cipactli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipactli

Wikipedia; Huitzilopochtli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huitzilopochtli

Mexicolore; Huitzilopochtli

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/gods/god-of-the-month-huitzilopochtli

Wikipedia; Nanahuatzin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanahuatzin

Latin American Studies; Tlaltecuhtli

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/tlaltecuhtli.htm

Wikipedia; Tlaltecuhtli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaltecuhtli

Tlaltecuhtli; The Jaws of Life and Death

http://www.matrifocus.com/LAM09/key.htm

The richness of the gifts of complex goddess tlaltecuhtli

http://przedkolumbem.blogspot.com/2015/01/bogactwo-darow-ofiarnych-zozonych.html

Mexicolore; Toci

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/ask-us/aztec-god-of-good-health

Mexicolore; Xochiquetzal

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/gods/goddess-of-the-month-xochiquetzal

Wikipedia; Xochiquetzal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xochiquetzal

Xochiquetzal and the Lunar Cult of Central Mexico

http://www.academia.edu/2763002/Xochiquetzal_and_the_Lunar_Cult_of_Central_Mexico

Wikipedia; Cihuacoatl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihuacoatl

Wikipedia; Tecciztecatl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecciztecatl

Wikipedia; Cihuatateo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihuateteo

Wikipedia; Tlazalteotl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlazolteotl

Latin American Studies; Tlazalteotl

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/tlazoteotl.htm

Wikipedia; Mictlantecuhtli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mictlantecuhtli

Latin American Studies; Mictlantecuhtli

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/Mictlantecuhtli.htm

Wikipedia; Xochipilli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xochipilli

Wikipedia; Centeotl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centeotl

Wikipedia; Itzpapalotl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itzpapalotl

Wikipedia; Tzitzimitli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitzimitl

Mexicolore; Tzitzimitli

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/gods/goddesses-of-the-month-tzitzimime

Wikipedia; Xolotl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xolotl

Wikipedia; Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli

Wikipedia; Tonatiuh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonatiuh

Wikipedia; Metztli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metztli

Wikipedia; Coyolxauhqui

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coyolxauhqui

Wikipedia; Ehecatl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehecatl

Latin American Studies; Ehecatl

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/ehecatl.htm

Mexicolore; The Wind God

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/gods/study-the-wind-god

Wikipedia; Huitzilopochtli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huitzilopochtli

Wikipedia; Xipe Totec

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xipe_Totec

Mexicolore; Xipe Totec

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/gods/god-of-the-month-xipe-totec

Wikipedia; Tezcatlipoca

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezcatlipoca

The Aztec Trickster On Display: The Darkest Side

http://www.trinity.edu/org/tricksters/trixway/current/Vol%201/Vol%201_1/Tstocker.html

Symbolizing Tezcatlipoca

http://www.academia.edu/9988237/Symbolizing_Tezcatlipoca

Mexicolore; Tezcatlipoca

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/gods/god-of-the-month-tezcatlipoca

Wikipedia; Huehueteotl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huehueteotl

Latin American Studies; Huehueteotl

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/huehueteotl.htm

Wikipedia; Chantico

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantico

Wikipedia; Chalchiutlicue

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalchiuhtlicue

Latin American Studies; Chalchuitlicue

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/aztec-chalchiutlicue.htm

Wikipedia; Chalchiutlicue

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalchiuhtlicue

Wikipedia; Tlaloc

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaloc

Mexicolore; Tlaloc

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/gods/god-of-the-month-tlaloc-1

Wikipedia; Aztec

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec

Aztec Culture; Michael E. Smith

Click to access Smith-AztecCulture-WWW.pdf

Aztec Chronology

http://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/arch/aztecchron.html

People of the Pleiades: The Aztec Interlude; FROM TULA TO TENOCHTITLAN

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~izapa/CS-MM-Chap.%2011.htm

Aztec City States; Michael E. Smith

Click to access MES-00-CityStates.pdf

Aztec Marketing System; Michael E. Smith

Click to access MES-80-ReplytoEvans.pdf

LONG-DISTANCE TRADE UNDER
THE AZTEC EMPIRE; The archaeological evidence; Michael E. Smith

Click to access MES-90-L-D-Trade.pdf

Latin American Studies; The Aztecs

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/aztecs.htm

Aztec City Planning; Michael E. Smith

Click to access MES-08-AzCityPlan-Encyclopedia.pdf

John Pohl; The Aztecs (multi-parts)

http://www.famsi.org/research/pohl/pohl_aztec1.html

Ancient Pyramid Found in Mexico City

Aztec Math Decoded, Reveals Woes of Ancient Tax Time

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/04/080403-aztec-math.html

Aztec Studies

http://www.academia.edu/1854562/Aztec_Studies

The History of the Aztec Sun Stone

http://przedkolumbem.blogspot.com/2014/12/dzieje-azteckiego-kamienia-sonca.html

Temple to Ehecatl Quetzalcoatl Uncovered in Mexico City

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/30/mexico-temple-wind-god-archaeology-supermarket

Follow-Up Story on the Ehecatl Temple and Ball Court

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/08/mexico-city-ancient-aztec-temple-ball-court

Aztec Gold Covered Sacrificed Wolf Uncovered in downtown Mexico City

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-archaeology-aztecs-idUSKBN19S1RA

Aztec Structure Uncovered at Plaza Pino Suarez, Mexico City

http://www.inah.gob.mx/es/boletines/6331-hallan-vestigio-ceremonial-de-un-calpulli-mexica-en-la-plaza-pino-suarez

The Largest pre-Hispanic House Inside Present Day Mexico City Uncovered

Express (UK) has the report here;
https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1228507/aztec-history-archaeology-news-hispanic-mexico-city-south-america-latest

Wikipedia; Aztec Empire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_Empire

Christina M. Elson; Aztec Elites and the Post Classic Economy: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) of Museum Collections from Chiconautla, México

http://www.famsi.org/reports/03019/index.html

LONG-DISTANCE TRADE UNDER
THE AZTEC EMPIRE; The archaeological evidence; Michael E. Smith

http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-90-L-D-Trade.pdf

Michael A. Ohnersorgen; The Cotaxtla Archaeological Survey: Results of the 1998 Field Season

http://www.famsi.org/reports/97030/index.html

Wikipedia; Aztec Warfare

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_warfare

Wikipedia; Pochteca

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pochteca

A LIFE IN THE PROVINCES OF THE AZTEC EMPIRE; Michael E. Smith

www.ALIFE IN THE PROVINCES OF THEZTECEMPIREpublic.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-05-SciAm-.pdf

The Aztec Empire and the Mesoamerican World System

http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-01-EmpWorldSys.pdf

Archaeology and the Aztec Empire; Berdan and Smith

http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-92-FB-ArchAzEmpire.pdf

The Role of Social Stratification in the Aztec Empire; A View from the Provinces; Michael E. Smith

http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-86-SocStrat.pdf

The Expansion of the Aztec Empire; Michael E. Smith

http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-87-ExpAzEmp.pdf

William Barnes; Icons of Empire: Royal Presentation and the Conception of Rule in Aztec México

http://www.famsi.org/reports/00027/00027Barnes01.pdf

Circulation of Feathers in the Aztec Empire; Berdan

http://nuevomundo.revues.org/1387

Totógal: Investigations of Postclassic Occupation and the Aztec Frontier in the Tuxtla Mountains, Veracruz, México

http://www.famsi.org/reports/03045/index.html

Aztec Warfare

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/aztecs/aztec-warfare.pdf

Human Sacrifice at Tenochtitlan

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/aztecs/aztec_human_sacrifice.pdf

Flowery War in Aztec History

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/aztecs/Aztec-wars.pdf

Wikipedia; Flower War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_war

Aztec Militarism and Blood Sacrifice: The Archaeology and Ideology of Ritual Violence

http://www.academia.edu/350223/Aztec_Militarism_and_Blood_Sacrifice_The_Archaeology_and_Ideology_of_Ritual_Violence

Painting Guide for an Aztec Army

http://balagan.info/painting-guide-for-an-aztec-army

The Complex Geopolitics of the Aztec Empire

http://przedkolumbem.blogspot.com/2015/05/zozona-geopolityka-imperium-aztekow.html

Mexicolore; Aztec Pleasure Gardens

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/aztefacts/aztec-pleasure-gardens

Wikipedia; Chinampa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinampa

Mexicolore; Aztec Lake Navigation

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/aztecs-and-lake-navigation

Aztec Poetry #2

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/aztec-poetry-2-three-poems

Aztec Poetry #1

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/aztec-poetry-1-intro

How Aztec Poetry Works

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/how-aztec-poetry-works

Mexicolore; The Aztecs; Patolli and Gambling

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/gambling-and-patolli-the-aztecs-favourite-game

Wikipedia; Patolli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patolli

Wikipedia; Aztec Society

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_society

Wikipedia; Telpochcalli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tēlpochcalli

Wikipedia; Calpulli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calpulli

Wikipedia; Calmecac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmecac

Aztec Sweat Bath Uncovered in Mexico City

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-51205284

https://www.archaeology-world.com/native-american-14th-century-sweat-lodge-discovered-in-mexico-city/

Mexicolore; Death Whistle #2

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/music/death-whistle-cremated

Death Whistle #1

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/music/death-whistle

Mexicolore; Teponaztli

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/artefacts/teponaztli

Music and the laws of Nezahualcoyotl – examples of onomatopoeic sounds

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/music/music-and-the-laws-of-nezahuahlcoyotl

Aztec Music

http://mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/music/

Wikipedia; Teponaztli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teponaztli

Wikipedia; Tenochtitlan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan

Fragments of human bones help investigators to determine that Mexicas practiced cannibalism

http://artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=67523#.Vc9oALRkjR7

Mysterious Aztec ‘human sacrifice’ skulls found in dig under Mexico City subway

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2532080/Mysterious-Aztec-human-sacrifice-skulls-dig-Mexico-City-subway.html#ixzz2pB7UQbUJ

Archaeologists Say 400 Animal Species Were Offered to Gods in Tenochtitlan

http://www.hispanicallyspeakingnews.com/latino-daily-news/details/archaeologists-say-400-animal-species-were-offered-to-gods-in-tenochtitlan/25013/

Archaeologists Uncover 50 Skulls In Sacred Aztec Temple In Mexico

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/05/mexico-finds-50-skulls-in-aztec-temple_n_1943940.html#slide=more255195

Human Sacrifice and Mortuary Treatments in the Main Temple of Tenochtitlan; Ximena Chávez Balderas

http://www.famsi.org/reports/05054/05054ChavezBalderas02.pdf

Latin American Studies; Tenochtitlan

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/tenochtitlan.htm

Tenochtitlán: Promised Land of Jade & Rubies

http://www.academia.edu/2311849/Tenochtitlán_Promised_Land_of_Jade_and_Rubies

The City of Tenochtitlan

http://www.academia.edu/6193107/The_City_of_Tenochtitlan

Control and Carnival in the Aztec Marketplace

http://www.academia.edu/351411/Control_and_Carnival_in_the_Aztec_Marketplace

New finds in Templo Mayor

http://przedkolumbem.blogspot.com/2013/09/nowe-znaleziska-w-templo-mayor.html

Mexican Archaeologists Find Ancient Staircase at Tlatelolco, May Confirm First Building

http://artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=48463#.Vc9yzLRkjR4

Wikipedia; Templo Mayor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_Mayor

Tenochtitlan

http://www.common-place.org/vol-03/no-04/mexico-city/

INAH Finds Two Sealed Chambers at the Templo Mayor—Could be Aztec Ruler Tombs

http://www.usnews.com/news/science/news/articles/2015/12/01/mexico-experts-passageway-may-lead-to-aztec-rulers-tomb

INAH has a slide show of the finds here. (click on the tiny green camera icon under the cover photo;

http://www.inah.gob.mx/es/boletines/4948-revelan-hallazgos-durante-la-primera-mesa-redonda-de-tenochtitlan

May 11, 2019

New Conquest Research in Mexico

The Aztecs ceremonially disfigured captive Spaniards at the Zultepec-Tecoaque site. The defenders there, in 1520, captured 15 Spanish males, 45 Cuban soldiers, 50 women, and 10 children. The women we’re strung up on skull racks. They were pregnant. They cut another woman in half near a dismembered child. The killings we’re re-enactments of creation myths. Cortes had to leave that group behind to put down an uprising in the Aztec capital. The horses, men and women were eaten, but the pigs the Spaniards brought were not eaten. The Aztecs were suspicious of them.

The town then took on the name Tecoaque, which means “the place where they ate them” in Nahuatl. The inhabitants abandoned the town when Cortes sent a punitive expedition. This research is part of Mexico’s new research and scholarship for the 500th anniversary of the conquest.

AP News has the report here;
https://apnews.com/3148029abd1445b68fa7a3c40c4677b1

Mike Ruggeri’s Toltecs and Aztecs
http://mikeruggeristoltecsandaztecs.tumblr.com

Mike Ruggeri’s Aztec and Toltec World Magazine
http://bit.ly/1ygAdbd

AZTEC ART – Part 1 By MANUEL AGUILAR-MORENO, Ph.D.

http://www.famsi.org/research/aguilar/Aztec_Art_Part1.pdf

Aztec Figurine Studies; Forward by Michael E. Smith

http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-06-KaplanFigurineIntro.pdf

Justin Kerr’s Aztec Art Portfolio

http://research.mayavase.com/portfolio_thumbs.php?rowstart=0&search=*Aztec*&date_added=

Mike Ruggeri’s Toltec and Aztec Art Portfolio

http://bit.ly/1JXyZW3

Aztec Figurines Photo Gallery 

http://przedkolumbem.blogspot.com/2014/07/fotogaleria-figurki-aztekow.html

Aztec Featherwork

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/did-the-maya-and-aztecs-take-feathers-for-headdresses-from-birds-other-than-quetzals-1

Aztec Masks

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/aztec-masks

What Lies Underneath Aztec Sculpture?

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/what-lies-beneath-aztec-sculpture

The Deep Roots of Aztec Sculpture

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/deep-roots-of-aztec-sculpture

The properties of conch shell in making turquoise mosaics

http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/skilled-use-of-conch-shell-in-mosaics

AZTEC ART – Part 2 By MANUEL AGUILAR-MORENO, Ph.D.

http://www.famsi.org/research/aguilar/Aztec_Art_Part2.pdf

Esperanza Elizabeth Jiménez García; Sculptural-Iconographic Catalogue of Tula, Hidalgo: The Stone Figures

http://www.famsi.org/reports/07027/index.html

Fernando Baez Urincho; Building Four: a Palace in Tula Grande, the Lodging of the Toltec King

http://www.famsi.org/reports/07026/index.html

Tula and Chichen Itza; Are We Asking the Right Questions; Michael E. Smith

http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-07-TulaChichen.pdf

Tula, and wheeled animal effigies in
Mesoamerica; RICHARD A. DIEHL & MARGARET D. MANDEVILLE*

http://www.famsi.org/aztlan/uploads/Tula&wheeled_animal_effigies.pdf

Delanges at Tula

http://www.delange.org/Tula/Tula.htm

Cynthia Kristan-Graham; The Architecture of Statecraft at Ancient Tula

http://www.famsi.org/reports/98022/index.html

Wikipedia; Tula

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tula_(Mesoamerican_site)

Enrique Florescano; Quetzalcóatl. Metaphors and Images

http://www.famsi.org/reports/99011/index.html

“Comments on the Historicity of Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, Tollan, and the Toltecs”
by Michael E. Smith

http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-03-NaNewsToltec.pdf

Wikipedia; Ce Acatl Topiltzin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce_Acatl_Topiltzin

Dawn in the Desert; The Rise of the Toltecs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce_Acatl_Topiltzin

Latin American Studies; Toltecs

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/toltecs.htm

Wikipedia; The Toltec Empire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toltec_Empire

Wikipedia; Toltecs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toltec